Subcontractor Alitech Precision, which specialises in supplying motorsport and automotive customers from its Silverstone facility, installed its first 5-axis, vertical-spindle machining centre (VMC) in March 2017. It was the company’s fifth VMC and was joined in December last year by another full 5-axis machine from a different source, the German manufacturer Hermle, which supplied a C 400 through sole sales and service agent, Kingsbury.
The working area of the Hermle C 400.
Most subcontractors progressing from 3/4-axis machining to fully interpolative 5-axis cycles gain significant benefits from adopting the technology. Apart from raising the complexity of freeform surfaces that can be profiled, key advantages are higher component accuracy and reduced cost of manufacture. They are achieved by reducing the number of set-ups needed, as a part can be positioned automatically with the two rotary CNC axes before being milled and drilled using the three linear axes.
The original 5-axis machine, an entry-level model, delivered these advantages for owner and managing director Darren Cudd, who started Alitech in September 2014. He was delighted with the economical process routes he was able to establish, but there were two snags.
One was a shortage of capacity, despite operating 24/5 and at weekends, as Alitech had been doubling turnover every year since its formation. Additionally, it had progressed from producing mainly prototypes and limited batches of components to larger runs of typically 20-off complex parts such as race car uprights, which meant that work was queueing for up to one month – an unacceptably long lead-time in this sector.
Close-up of an aluminium part being machined.
The other difficulty was that Formula One teams were asking for the subcontractor to supply an increasing number of aluminium moulds for making carbon fibre components for race cars. The first 5-axis machine struggled to hold a tolerance better than ± 50 µm, so as much as five hours of manual finishing and polishing were needed on every mould to remove witness marks left by milling cutter stepovers.
Mr Cudd said, “Hand finishing has been reduced to about one hour per mould since the Hermle C 400 took over their production, as the temperature-compensated machine is able to hold ± 4 µm. It saves a lot of manufacturing cost.
“Dimensional tolerance is fairly open at ± 0.1 mm, which is easy to hold. However, with our other 5-axis machine, the variation introduced by five hours of manual blending of steps between the final milling cutter passes risked using up the accuracy held during machining, sending the mould out of tolerance.
An inlet manifold for an historic race car produced in two operations on the Hermle C 400 by Alitech Precision.
“On the Hermle the problem does not occur, as the stepovers are barely discernible, so there is little to polish out before achieving the surface finish that our customers require.”
After the race season, the Hermle will be deployed onto 5-axis machining of precision components within its 850 mm x 700 mm x 500 mm working volume. One such part already produced is an inlet manifold for a track car that was machined in two operations on the C 400 rather than the eight previously needed on a 3-axis VMC, which took far longer and required expensive fixtures for setting the component at different angles.
Another complex part cost-effectively manufactured on the latest 5-axis centre was a billet dry sump that was designed and programmed in-house in SolidWorks and hyperMILL by head of CNC, Charlie Watts.
He commented, “The inherent accuracy of the Hermle allows us to easily hold much tighter tolerances than on the other 5-axis machine. For example, we interpolated 125 mm diameter bores recently to within ± 6 µm, whereas previously we would not have been able to get close to this tolerance and the accuracy achieved in the afternoon would have been different from that in the morning.”
This dry sump machined from solid aluminium billet on the Hermle C 400 is an example of a product designed in-house by Alitech Precision.
He and Mr Cudd had been researching the company’s next 5-axis purchase for about a year before placing the order. They were looking for a large capacity and trunnion-type design, as they prefer the rigidity these machines offer over those employing a swivelling spindle head. Of the four options shortlisted, one was rejected due to its high price and insufficient X-axis travel, another supplier provided questionable service while a third, although offering an interesting horizontal-spindle solution, did not have a sufficiently large working envelope.
The Heidenhain control system on the Hermle C 400.
The fact that another member of Alitech’s staff had used a Hermle machine while employed by a Formula One team and praised its performance, coupled with a visit to the manufacturer’s open house in Germany last April, clinched the decision to buy the C 400 from the new ‘Performance Line’ range, which has the same fundamental attributes as Hermle’s high-end models, such as a mineral cast bed and stainless steel cladding throughout the working area. It was ordered with a 50-position magazine to increase the HSK-A63 tool capacity to 88 and an 18,000 rpm spindle to maximise aluminium machining efficiency, as this material is almost exclusive processed in the Silverstone factory.
